The impact of the Red Sea crisis on the car shipping market
How to pack the safest export goods?
by：VIPUTRANS
2020-09-03
Product packaging is the starting point of logistics and plays a vital role in the entire logistics transportation. Choosing suitable packaging can not only protect product safety, but also facilitate transportation, loading and unloading, and save costs. However, the goods cannot be packaged at will. You need to pay attention to the method and method. According to the nature of the goods, you can choose the appropriate packaging materials and adopt the appropriate packaging methods and measures. Try to choose a thicker double-layer carton to ensure that it is loaded, unloaded, and transported. The process will not be scattered and can withstand certain pressure. Today, I want to introduce you to several of the most commonly used packaging methods, hoping to provide you with some suggestions for reference.
1. Shockproof packaging
Shockproof packaging, also known as cushioning packaging, occupies an important position in various packaging methods. From the production to the start of use, the products go through a series of transportation, storage, stacking and loading and unloading processes, and are placed in a certain environment. In any environment, it will act forcefully on the product and cause mechanical damage to the product. In order to prevent the product from being damaged, it is necessary to try to reduce the influence of external forces. The so-called shock-proof packaging refers to packaging that takes certain protective measures to reduce the impact and vibration of the contents and protect it from damage. There are mainly three methods for shockproof packaging:
(1) Comprehensive shockproof packaging method. The comprehensive shock-proof packaging method refers to the packaging method in which all the contents and the outer packaging are filled with shock-proof materials for shock-proof packaging.
(2) Partial shockproof packaging method. For products with good integrity and products with inner containers, only use shock-proof materials for cushioning at the corners or local areas of the product or inner packaging. The packaging materials used mainly include foam plastic shock-proof cushions, inflatable plastic film shock-proof cushions and rubber springs.
(3) Suspended shockproof packaging method. For some valuable and fragile items, in order to effectively ensure that they are not damaged in the circulation process, the outer packaging container is relatively strong, and then the content is suspended in the packaging container with ropes, belts, springs, etc., in the logistics No matter what the operation link is. The contents are stably suspended without colliding with the packaging container, thereby reducing damage.
2. Anti-breakage packaging
Cushion packaging has a strong ability to prevent damage, so it is an effective type of anti-damage packaging technology. In addition, the following anti-breakage protection technologies can be adopted:
(1) Bundling and wrapping technology. The function of strapping and wrapping technology is to make groceries and bulk goods form a solid whole to increase the integrity, facilitate handling and prevent piles to reduce damage.
(2) Container technology. The use of containers reduces the contact with the cargo body to prevent damage.
(3) Choose high-strength protective materials. The high strength of the outer packaging material prevents the contents from being damaged by external forces.
3. Anti-oil, anti-rust and anti-corrosion packaging
(1) Oil and corrosion protection packaging technology. Atmospheric corrosion is the result of electrochemical effects caused by oxygen, water vapor and other harmful gases in the air acting on the metal surface. If the metal surface is isolated from various factors that cause atmospheric corrosion (that is, the metal surface is protected), the purpose of preventing metal atmospheric corrosion can be achieved. Oil-proof packaging technology is based on this principle to coat metal to prevent corrosion.
The use of oil-proof encapsulation of metal products requires a certain thickness of the oil layer, good continuity of the oil layer, and complete coating. Different types of oil repellents need to be coated in different ways.
(2) VCI packaging technology. The vapor-phase anti-packaging technology is a technology that uses vapor-phase corrosion inhibitors (volatile corrosion inhibitors) to prevent rust from metal products in sealed packaging containers. Vapor phase corrosion inhibitor is a substance that can slow down or completely stop the destruction process of metal in corrosive media. It is volatile at room temperature. It volatilizes or sublimates in a short time in a sealed packaging container. The released corrosion-inhibiting gas can fill every corner and gap in the entire packaging container, and at the same time it is adsorbed on the surface of the metal product, thereby inhibiting the atmospheric corrosion of the metal.
4. Anti-mold packaging
When food and other organic carbohydrates are shipped in the transportation package, mold may grow on the surface of the goods. If they are wet during the circulation process, the mold will grow and multiply very quickly, and even extend to the inside of the goods, causing them to rot, mold, and deteriorate. Take special protective measures.
The measures to prevent mildew and deterioration of packaging are usually refrigerated packaging, vacuum packaging or high temperature sterilization. The principle of frozen packaging is to slow down the process of bacterial activity and chemical changes in order to extend the storage period, but cannot completely eliminate the deterioration of food; high temperature sterilization can eliminate microorganisms that cause food rot, and high temperature treatment can be used in the packaging process to prevent mold. Some dried food packaging should be prevented from intrusion of moisture to prevent mildew. You can choose packaging materials with good water vapor and air tightness, and adopt vacuum and air-filled packaging.
Vacuum packaging method is also called vacuum packaging method or exhaust packaging method. This kind of packaging can prevent outside water vapor from entering the packaging container, and can also prevent the humid air from being stored in the closed moisture-proof packaging and dew condensation when the temperature drops. When vacuum packaging is used, care must be taken to avoid excessive vacuum. To prevent damage to packaging materials.
Prevent the goods in the transport package from getting moldy, and can also use antifungal agents. There are many types of antifungal agents. Non-toxic antifungal agents must be used for food.
Large enclosed boxes for mechanical and electrical products can be equipped with vents or windows and other corresponding anti-mold measures as appropriate.
5. Insect-proof packaging
Insect-proof packaging technology, insect repellents are commonly used, that is, to put drugs with certain toxicity and smell in the package, and use the volatilized gas in the package to kill and repel various pests. Commonly used insect repellents include tea, para-dichlorobenzene, camphor extract and so on. Techniques such as vacuum packaging, inflatable packaging, and deoxidizing packaging can also be used to prevent pests from living in an environment to prevent pests.
6. Dangerous goods packaging technology
There are thousands of dangerous goods. According to their dangerous nature, the transportation and public security fire department regulations are divided into ten categories, namely, explosive materials, oxidizers, compressed gas and liquefied gas, spontaneous combustion materials, materials that can burn in water, flammable liquids, and Inflammable solids, toxic substances, corrosive substances, radioactive substances, etc. Some items have two or more dangerous properties at the same time.
The packaging of toxic goods should be clearly marked with toxic signs. The main anti-virus measures are tight packaging and airtightness. For example, potassium dichromate (potassium red alum) and sodium dichromate
For corrosive products, pay attention to chemical changes in the materials of the products and packaging containers. Metal packaging containers should be painted on the container wall to prevent corrosive products from corroding the container. For example, the inner wall of the iron barrel for packaging synthetic fatty acids should be coated with an acid-resistant protective layer to prevent the iron barrel from being corroded by the goods, and the goods will also deteriorate accordingly. Another example is hydrofluoric acid, which is an inorganic acid corrosive substance. It is highly toxic and can corrode glass. Glass bottles cannot be used as packaging containers. It should be placed in metal or plastic barrels, and then in wooden boxes. Formic acid is volatile and its gas is corrosive. It should be packed in a good acid-resistant jar, glass bottle or plastic barrel, sealed tightly, and then placed in a solid wooden box or metal barrel.
For the packaging of yellow phosphorus and other flammable commodities, it is advisable to put them in an iron drum with a wall thickness of not less than 1 mm. The inner wall of the poke must be coated with an acid-resistant protective layer. , The net weight per barrel does not exceed 50 kg. Another example is the water bow [combustible items such as calcium carbide, which will decompose in contact with water and produce flammable acetylene gas. It should be packaged in a strong iron bucket and filled with nitrogen. If the barrel is not filled with nitrogen, a deflation piston should be installed.
For flammable and explosive products, such as those with strong oxidizing properties, products that have a small amount of impurity or rapidly decompose when heated and cause an explosion. The effective method of anti-explosive packaging is to use plastic drums, and then put the plastic drums into iron drums or wooden boxes. The net weight of each piece does not exceed 50 kg, and there should be an automatic venting safety valve. When the barrel reaches a certain gas pressure When, it can automatically deflate.
7. Special packaging
(1) Inflatable packaging. Inflatable packaging is a packaging technique that uses inactive gases such as carbon dioxide or nitrogen to replace the air in the packaging container, so it is also called gas replacement packaging. This packaging method is based on the characteristics of aerobic metabolism of aerobic microorganisms, changing the composition of the gas in a sealed packaging container, reducing the concentration of oxygen, and inhibiting the physiological activities of microorganisms, enzyme activity and the breathing intensity of fresh commodities. To achieve the purpose of anti-mildew, anti-corrosion and preservation.
(2) Vacuum packaging. Vacuum packaging is a packaging method in which articles are put into an airtight container and then vacuumed before the container is sealed, so that there is basically no air in the sealed container.
General meat products, processed grain products, and some products that are prone to oxidative deterioration can be vacuum packaged. Vacuum packaging can not only avoid or reduce fat oxidation, but also inhibit the growth of certain molds and bacteria. At the same time, when it is heat sterilized, since the gas inside the container has been eliminated, the heat conduction is accelerated. The efficiency of high-temperature sterilization is improved, and the packaging container rupture due to gas expansion during heat sterilization is also avoided.
(3) Shrink packaging. Shrink packaging is a packaging technique that wraps the article (or inner package) with a shrink film, and then appropriately heats the film to shrink the film and close to the article (or inner package).
Shrink film is a kind of polyethylene film that has undergone special stretching and cooling treatment. Because the film produces residual shrinkage stress during directional stretching, this stress will be eliminated after a certain amount of heat, so that both the horizontal and vertical directions will occur sharply. Shrinkage increases the thickness of the film at the same time. The shrinkage rate is usually 30-70%. The shrinkage force reaches the maximum during the cooling stage and can be maintained for a long time.
(4) Stretch packaging. Stretch packaging is a new packaging technology adopted in the 1970s. It is developed from shrink packaging. Stretch packaging relies on mechanical devices to stretch and tightly wrap an elastic film around the packaged item at room temperature. A packaging method that seals at the end. Since stretch packaging does not require heating, the energy consumed is only one twentieth of shrink packaging. Stretch packaging can be used to pack a single item, or it can be used for collective packaging such as pallet packaging.
(5) Deoxygenated packaging. Deoxygenation packaging is a new type of deoxygenation packaging method following vacuum packaging and inflatable packaging. Deoxygenated packaging is a sealed packaging container, using oxygen scavengers that can react with oxygen to remove oxygen in the packaging container to protect the contents. The deoxygenated packaging method is suitable for certain items that are particularly sensitive to oxygen, and is used in food packaging where even a small amount of oxygen will cause the quality to deteriorate.
1. Shockproof packaging
Shockproof packaging, also known as cushioning packaging, occupies an important position in various packaging methods. From the production to the start of use, the products go through a series of transportation, storage, stacking and loading and unloading processes, and are placed in a certain environment. In any environment, it will act forcefully on the product and cause mechanical damage to the product. In order to prevent the product from being damaged, it is necessary to try to reduce the influence of external forces. The so-called shock-proof packaging refers to packaging that takes certain protective measures to reduce the impact and vibration of the contents and protect it from damage. There are mainly three methods for shockproof packaging:
(1) Comprehensive shockproof packaging method. The comprehensive shock-proof packaging method refers to the packaging method in which all the contents and the outer packaging are filled with shock-proof materials for shock-proof packaging.
(2) Partial shockproof packaging method. For products with good integrity and products with inner containers, only use shock-proof materials for cushioning at the corners or local areas of the product or inner packaging. The packaging materials used mainly include foam plastic shock-proof cushions, inflatable plastic film shock-proof cushions and rubber springs.
(3) Suspended shockproof packaging method. For some valuable and fragile items, in order to effectively ensure that they are not damaged in the circulation process, the outer packaging container is relatively strong, and then the content is suspended in the packaging container with ropes, belts, springs, etc., in the logistics No matter what the operation link is. The contents are stably suspended without colliding with the packaging container, thereby reducing damage.
2. Anti-breakage packaging
Cushion packaging has a strong ability to prevent damage, so it is an effective type of anti-damage packaging technology. In addition, the following anti-breakage protection technologies can be adopted:
(1) Bundling and wrapping technology. The function of strapping and wrapping technology is to make groceries and bulk goods form a solid whole to increase the integrity, facilitate handling and prevent piles to reduce damage.
(2) Container technology. The use of containers reduces the contact with the cargo body to prevent damage.
(3) Choose high-strength protective materials. The high strength of the outer packaging material prevents the contents from being damaged by external forces.
3. Anti-oil, anti-rust and anti-corrosion packaging
(1) Oil and corrosion protection packaging technology. Atmospheric corrosion is the result of electrochemical effects caused by oxygen, water vapor and other harmful gases in the air acting on the metal surface. If the metal surface is isolated from various factors that cause atmospheric corrosion (that is, the metal surface is protected), the purpose of preventing metal atmospheric corrosion can be achieved. Oil-proof packaging technology is based on this principle to coat metal to prevent corrosion.
The use of oil-proof encapsulation of metal products requires a certain thickness of the oil layer, good continuity of the oil layer, and complete coating. Different types of oil repellents need to be coated in different ways.
(2) VCI packaging technology. The vapor-phase anti-packaging technology is a technology that uses vapor-phase corrosion inhibitors (volatile corrosion inhibitors) to prevent rust from metal products in sealed packaging containers. Vapor phase corrosion inhibitor is a substance that can slow down or completely stop the destruction process of metal in corrosive media. It is volatile at room temperature. It volatilizes or sublimates in a short time in a sealed packaging container. The released corrosion-inhibiting gas can fill every corner and gap in the entire packaging container, and at the same time it is adsorbed on the surface of the metal product, thereby inhibiting the atmospheric corrosion of the metal.
4. Anti-mold packaging
When food and other organic carbohydrates are shipped in the transportation package, mold may grow on the surface of the goods. If they are wet during the circulation process, the mold will grow and multiply very quickly, and even extend to the inside of the goods, causing them to rot, mold, and deteriorate. Take special protective measures.
The measures to prevent mildew and deterioration of packaging are usually refrigerated packaging, vacuum packaging or high temperature sterilization. The principle of frozen packaging is to slow down the process of bacterial activity and chemical changes in order to extend the storage period, but cannot completely eliminate the deterioration of food; high temperature sterilization can eliminate microorganisms that cause food rot, and high temperature treatment can be used in the packaging process to prevent mold. Some dried food packaging should be prevented from intrusion of moisture to prevent mildew. You can choose packaging materials with good water vapor and air tightness, and adopt vacuum and air-filled packaging.
Vacuum packaging method is also called vacuum packaging method or exhaust packaging method. This kind of packaging can prevent outside water vapor from entering the packaging container, and can also prevent the humid air from being stored in the closed moisture-proof packaging and dew condensation when the temperature drops. When vacuum packaging is used, care must be taken to avoid excessive vacuum. To prevent damage to packaging materials.
Prevent the goods in the transport package from getting moldy, and can also use antifungal agents. There are many types of antifungal agents. Non-toxic antifungal agents must be used for food.
Large enclosed boxes for mechanical and electrical products can be equipped with vents or windows and other corresponding anti-mold measures as appropriate.
5. Insect-proof packaging
Insect-proof packaging technology, insect repellents are commonly used, that is, to put drugs with certain toxicity and smell in the package, and use the volatilized gas in the package to kill and repel various pests. Commonly used insect repellents include tea, para-dichlorobenzene, camphor extract and so on. Techniques such as vacuum packaging, inflatable packaging, and deoxidizing packaging can also be used to prevent pests from living in an environment to prevent pests.
6. Dangerous goods packaging technology
There are thousands of dangerous goods. According to their dangerous nature, the transportation and public security fire department regulations are divided into ten categories, namely, explosive materials, oxidizers, compressed gas and liquefied gas, spontaneous combustion materials, materials that can burn in water, flammable liquids, and Inflammable solids, toxic substances, corrosive substances, radioactive substances, etc. Some items have two or more dangerous properties at the same time.
The packaging of toxic goods should be clearly marked with toxic signs. The main anti-virus measures are tight packaging and airtightness. For example, potassium dichromate (potassium red alum) and sodium dichromate
For corrosive products, pay attention to chemical changes in the materials of the products and packaging containers. Metal packaging containers should be painted on the container wall to prevent corrosive products from corroding the container. For example, the inner wall of the iron barrel for packaging synthetic fatty acids should be coated with an acid-resistant protective layer to prevent the iron barrel from being corroded by the goods, and the goods will also deteriorate accordingly. Another example is hydrofluoric acid, which is an inorganic acid corrosive substance. It is highly toxic and can corrode glass. Glass bottles cannot be used as packaging containers. It should be placed in metal or plastic barrels, and then in wooden boxes. Formic acid is volatile and its gas is corrosive. It should be packed in a good acid-resistant jar, glass bottle or plastic barrel, sealed tightly, and then placed in a solid wooden box or metal barrel.
For the packaging of yellow phosphorus and other flammable commodities, it is advisable to put them in an iron drum with a wall thickness of not less than 1 mm. The inner wall of the poke must be coated with an acid-resistant protective layer. , The net weight per barrel does not exceed 50 kg. Another example is the water bow [combustible items such as calcium carbide, which will decompose in contact with water and produce flammable acetylene gas. It should be packaged in a strong iron bucket and filled with nitrogen. If the barrel is not filled with nitrogen, a deflation piston should be installed.
For flammable and explosive products, such as those with strong oxidizing properties, products that have a small amount of impurity or rapidly decompose when heated and cause an explosion. The effective method of anti-explosive packaging is to use plastic drums, and then put the plastic drums into iron drums or wooden boxes. The net weight of each piece does not exceed 50 kg, and there should be an automatic venting safety valve. When the barrel reaches a certain gas pressure When, it can automatically deflate.
7. Special packaging
(1) Inflatable packaging. Inflatable packaging is a packaging technique that uses inactive gases such as carbon dioxide or nitrogen to replace the air in the packaging container, so it is also called gas replacement packaging. This packaging method is based on the characteristics of aerobic metabolism of aerobic microorganisms, changing the composition of the gas in a sealed packaging container, reducing the concentration of oxygen, and inhibiting the physiological activities of microorganisms, enzyme activity and the breathing intensity of fresh commodities. To achieve the purpose of anti-mildew, anti-corrosion and preservation.
(2) Vacuum packaging. Vacuum packaging is a packaging method in which articles are put into an airtight container and then vacuumed before the container is sealed, so that there is basically no air in the sealed container.
General meat products, processed grain products, and some products that are prone to oxidative deterioration can be vacuum packaged. Vacuum packaging can not only avoid or reduce fat oxidation, but also inhibit the growth of certain molds and bacteria. At the same time, when it is heat sterilized, since the gas inside the container has been eliminated, the heat conduction is accelerated. The efficiency of high-temperature sterilization is improved, and the packaging container rupture due to gas expansion during heat sterilization is also avoided.
(3) Shrink packaging. Shrink packaging is a packaging technique that wraps the article (or inner package) with a shrink film, and then appropriately heats the film to shrink the film and close to the article (or inner package).
Shrink film is a kind of polyethylene film that has undergone special stretching and cooling treatment. Because the film produces residual shrinkage stress during directional stretching, this stress will be eliminated after a certain amount of heat, so that both the horizontal and vertical directions will occur sharply. Shrinkage increases the thickness of the film at the same time. The shrinkage rate is usually 30-70%. The shrinkage force reaches the maximum during the cooling stage and can be maintained for a long time.
(4) Stretch packaging. Stretch packaging is a new packaging technology adopted in the 1970s. It is developed from shrink packaging. Stretch packaging relies on mechanical devices to stretch and tightly wrap an elastic film around the packaged item at room temperature. A packaging method that seals at the end. Since stretch packaging does not require heating, the energy consumed is only one twentieth of shrink packaging. Stretch packaging can be used to pack a single item, or it can be used for collective packaging such as pallet packaging.
(5) Deoxygenated packaging. Deoxygenation packaging is a new type of deoxygenation packaging method following vacuum packaging and inflatable packaging. Deoxygenated packaging is a sealed packaging container, using oxygen scavengers that can react with oxygen to remove oxygen in the packaging container to protect the contents. The deoxygenated packaging method is suitable for certain items that are particularly sensitive to oxygen, and is used in food packaging where even a small amount of oxygen will cause the quality to deteriorate.
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